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托福听力写大意

来源:爱必学

2024-01-29 12:16:28|已浏览:114次

三刷的时候基本上80%的时间都用来练习听力了,因为第二次备考的时候也在听力上投入了很多的时间,考试的时候也觉得全部都听懂了,结果最后听力和第一次裸考一样……打击很大。

“为什么我明明都听懂了,

但还是做不对题呢?”

第三次备考,每次做完题对完答案后,我都在问自己这个问题。

然后通过每次刷题反思后才渐渐了解到,光听懂是最没有用的,关键是听到,听到后最重要的是选对!

考了三次托福,最大的感触就是:

听力想要提高一定要做文本分析,总结总结再总结!

题可以少刷,但是做过的每一篇都一定要总结!一篇都不能漏!

这次备考,因为比较忙,我刷的题不多,每天一个section的频率都没有做到……但之所以能提分,是因为我刷完题后每一篇都会严格按照二姐的精听步骤,做精听,其中文本分析那一步我做的非常认真。

下面具体说一说,怎么去做文本分析,在分析的同时要总结什么:

要分别总结对话和讲座中不同话题的行文逻辑和出题逻辑!

>>>对话 <<<

1.行文逻辑

一段对话的主旨大概70%会开门见山的讲,所以在对话开始的时候千万不要走神!!

而又有30%的主旨会出现在文中,就是会一开始给你bb半天,然后来一个转折说出来意(这里要注意常用的表达和语气)。

这段对话为什么开始?主人公遇到了什么问题?对方给出了什么建议?讨论过程中,为什么要扯出第三人或另外一件事?

即便是对话,speakers说的每一句话也是带有逻辑的!每一句话都是为了主旨服务的,所以与主旨有关的内容,都是要听的重点,也是很可能会出题的地方。

行文逻辑是和出题逻辑密切联系的!!出题点都是和对话主旨密切相关的地方!

2.出题逻辑

(强行分点,接上文)

所以一片对虎总共五题,会怎么出题,是很可能被预测到的!

八九不离十是:目的主旨题+3道其他题型+结尾的重听题(当然也有极少数不按套路出牌的出题方式)

△一般的重点是:

(1)学生遇到什么问题/有什么目的或想法?(目的主旨题)

(2)学生为什么会有这个问题/想法(起因) <频率不高>

(3)老师等对这一看法的态度(经过)

(4)最后老师给出的建议是什么?或者学生打算怎么做?(结果)

(5)最后一点:

当speakers在对话中谈到与他们本身或原始谈论对象无关的第三人的时候,一定是有目的的!不然就是废话,而听力里面是没有一句废话的!

可能是为了举例子,也可能是为了进行对比(特别在学术型对话中要注意!)。

→例:TPO26 Con1 里面,女生之所以会讲自己朋友之前在别家打印店自己设计business card的经历,是因为她想知道 whether this print shops will let customers design their own business cards.

>>>讲座 <<<

讲座的逻辑更严密,层次更鲜明,所以能更好地对重点进行把握。总共六道题,基本上就是一道题一层,按顺序(有时重听题会跳到前面的层去)。

一般就是主旨段+主体段A/B/C/D+结尾段的模式,对应的六道题:目的主旨题+4道其他题型(因学科不同而有所不同)+态度题or重听题or推断题

而对于讲座,不同话题所要论述的具体内容不一样,行文逻辑也会因此有所差别的。

△下面简单地举个栗子:

(1)地质类的文章

主要的内容会是地质运动、地理变化,是动态的!

所以地质类常考的题型一定是变化前后的异同对比题和变化过程――“怎么变化”的过程题!

其次就是为什么会发生这样的变化的原因细节题!就有很多地质类文章在探讨有关某一phenomenon产生原因的各种theory(所有学科有theory的地方就很可能会考教授的态度!!――态度题)

(2)艺术类文章

一般是关于人(艺术家)或者物(艺术品、艺术流派)。

介绍艺术家的文章,常见的内容有:

介绍社会背景

(很可能会考艺术家对当时的社会风气喜不喜欢,然后想要怎么做)

艺术家个人经历/社会事件

(一般举例题,考事件对艺术家的影响)

艺术风格、特点

(一般是与其他的艺术风格进行对比)

对该风格或艺术家的态度

①当时世人的态度 ②后来世人的态度 ③教授自己的态度

【具体可以参见TPO 24 LEC 2,大家可以自己练手体会一下】

同一学科的文章,都是有很多共性可以总结出来的,这些总结可以帮助你在考试的时候听出重点,保持淡定,减少失误的发生。但是在听的时候也要注意到每篇文章的特性,会有自己的侧重。

在听文章的时候,我们应该把自己放在学生的视角,融入对话,融入课堂。可以把每一篇讲座或对话当成以后出国学习的模拟,就像听专业课那样去听,不仅要听懂大意,还要听出行文逻辑,更要听到一些可以支持文章中心or和文章中心密切相关的关键的细节。

然后做完多分析,多揣摩――如果你是prof你会怎么去展开,并跟读模仿语气,然后你会发现听力真的很有趣!!

说了那么多,还有几个听力的关键点要说:

1. 带脑子听,多记名词!

2. 留心speaker的语气、停顿

3. 做题时保持客观,不要yy原文没有的细节,听到什么就是什么。

关于笔记:

文本分析完之后,我都会按照二姐的精听步骤重听一次,并重新做一遍笔记!这很重要,边记边依照行文逻辑去尝试预测内容。听完后,在笔记上标注对应的出题位置,看看自己的笔记是否还是漏记了关键信息。

并对照二姐的笔记,修改自己的笔记,删除不必要的信息(比如一些形容词等),看看哪些可以简写的单词没有简写等。

上面很多都是我看完二姐的录屏后,结合二姐上课教的一些方法和自己的经验总结出来的。建议大家可以把二姐的录屏多看几遍,每次看都有新发现!

总之,踏踏实实地跟着二姐走,听力是不用愁滴!

[ P.S.出分前一直在微信钱包里存着二姐给我的lucky money,一直没敢动

结果听力出来比预料的高了很多(22-29)。本来也以为这次口语崩盘了,结果出来反而涨了一分…二姐真的是小锦鲤

]

最后附上一篇我之前做的

天文学lecture文本分析,

祝大家早日出分!

TEXT: TPO 13 Lecture 4 Astronomy

【开头段】

Professor:

OK, I wanna go over the different types of meteorites, and what we've learned from them about the formation of Earth, and the solar system. Uh…the thing is what's especially interesting about meteorites is that they come from interplanetary space, but they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originating on Earth, just in different proportions. But that makes it easier to identify something as a meteorite, as opposed to…to just a terrestrial rock. (目的主旨题 ①)

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――

【主体段1】:主要是说meteorites是从Comet 和asteroid来的,并进一步介绍分别是由什么构成的

So to talk about where meteorites come from, we need to talk about comets and asteroids, which basically...they’re basically made up of debris left over from the origin of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago.

Now I'm going a bit out of a order here…um…I'm not going to go into any depth on comets and asteroids now, but we'll come back later and do that. For now, I'll just cover some basic info about them.

OK, comets and asteroids. It might help if you think of...remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition? The terrestrial planets--like Mars and Earth--composed largely of rocks and metals, and the large gas giants, like Jupiter.(比较细节题②-1)Well, the solar system also has twoanalogous (对比逻辑)classes of objects, smaller than planets--namely, asteroids and comets. (比较细节题②-2 )

Relatively near the sun, in the inner solar system, between Jupiter and Mars to be precise, we’ve got the asteroid belt, which contains about 90 percents of all asteroids orbiting the sun. These asteroids are…uh…like the terrestrial planets, in that they're composed mostly of rocky material and metals.(比较细节题②-3)

Far from the sun, in the outer solar system, beyond Jupiter's orbit, temperatures are low enough to permit ices to form out of water and…and out of gases like methane and carbon dioxide. Loose collections of these ices and small rocky particles form into comets. So comets are similar in composition to the gas giants.(比较细节题②-4)

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――

【主体段2】 前面分别介绍了asteroid 和 comet,现在开始真正开始说meteoroid从哪里来,然后有区分了3个不同的和meteor有关的概念。

Both comets and asteroids are...typically are smaller than planets. An even smaller type of interplanetary debris is the meteoroid. And it's from meteoroids that we get meteors and meteorites. \"Roids\" are, for the most part anyway, they are just smaller bits of asteroids and comets. (内容细节题③)

When these bits enter Earth’s atmosphere, well, that makes them so special that they get a special name. They're called meteors. Most of them are very small, and they burn up soon after entering Earth’s atmosphere. The larger ones that make it through the atmosphere and hit the ground are called meteorites. So meteorites are the ones that actually make it through.(对比细节题④)

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――

【主体段3】 开始说三个不同的陨石类别

Now we've been finding meteorites on Earth for thousands of years, and we've analyzed enough of them to learn a lot about their composition, most come from asteroids, though a few may have come from comets. So essentially they are rocks, and like rocks, they're mixtures of minerals. They are generally classified into three broad categories--stones, stony irons and irons.

Stone meteorites, which we refer to simply as, uh, stones, are almost entirely rock material. They actually account for almost all of the meteorite material that falls to earth.(转折细节题⑤-1) But even so, it's rare to ever find one. I mean, it's easier to find an iron meteorite or a stony iron. (转折细节题⑤-2)

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【主体段4】 主要在介绍 为什么stone meteorite最少被发现

Anyone guess why? Look at their names. What do you think iron meteorites consist of?

Student:

Mostly iron?

Professor:

Yeah… iron and some nickel, both of which are metals. And, if you're trying to find metal?(重听题⑥)

Student:

Oh! Metal detectors!

Professor:

Right, thank you. At least that's part of it. Stone meteorites, if they lie around exposed to the weather for a few years, well, they're made of rock, so they end up looking almost indistinguishable from common terrestrial rocks--ones that originated on earth. So it's hard to spot them by eye. But we can use metal detectors to help us find the others, and they're easier to spot by eye. So most of the meteorites in collections, uh, in museums, they'll be...they're iron meteorites, or the stony iron kind, even though they only make up about 5 percent of the meteorite material on the ground.

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